Copyright and Licensing

Trends in Scholarly Publishing (TSP) upholds the authors' copyright for all published articles. All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) . Under this license, authors retain full copyright of their work, and anyone may read, download, share, reuse, and adapt the material for any lawful purpose, provided that proper attribution is given to the original publication. These terms ensure that research is freely accessible while authors receive appropriate recognition for their contributions.

Exceptions to the Copyright Policy

The default license for all articles published in TSP is CC BY 4.0 .

Exceptions to this policy are rare and will only be considered in specific circumstances, such as:

  • When a funder or institutional mandate explicitly requires a different open license (e.g., CC BY-NC, CC BY-ND, or CC0).
  • When an author's organization or collaborative project has a binding agreement stipulating a particular license type for publicly funded outputs.
  • In cases where third-party content incorporated into the article is licensed under more restrictive terms, requiring the overall article to adopt a compatible license.

Any exception must be discussed and approved before final acceptance of the manuscript. If approved, the alternative license will be clearly indicated on the published article and reflected on both the article landing page and the downloadable PDF.

Use of Third-Party Material

Authors may include figures, tables, images, text extracts, or other content previously published elsewhere only if they have obtained permission from the original copyright holder or if the material is already available under a suitable open license.

This policy applies solely to the inclusion of third-party materials within new manuscripts submitted to TSP. Authors are solely responsible for ensuring that reused content is properly licensed, attributed, and supported by the necessary permission documentation. TSP does not republish or reprint full articles or previously published works.

Permission is required for:

  • Reproduction of material from other publishers when copyright was not retained by the original author.
  • Use of substantial portions of another author's work, from either a single source or multiple sources.
  • Reuse of tables, graphs, charts, schemes, or artworks that are unaltered or only slightly modified.
  • Use of photographs or illustrations not created by the submitting author.

Permission is not required for:

  • Reconstruction of tables using published data, provided proper attribution is included (e.g., "Data from..." or "Adapted from...").
  • Reasonably short quotations permitted under fair use, with appropriate citation.
  • Completely redrawn and substantially altered graphs, charts, schemes, or artworks.

Acknowledgment Format

If the rights holder does not provide preferred wording, authors should use the following standard acknowledgment in the caption of the relevant figure, table, or scheme:

"Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year]."

Authors are strongly encouraged to seek necessary permissions as early as possible to avoid delays in publication. TSP cannot publish any material from other sources without documented permission.